The terms "cellar spider" and "daddy long legs" are often used interchangeably, leading to significant confusion. However, these names actually refer to two distinct arachnid groups with key differences in their anatomy, behavior, and even their toxicity (a topic often shrouded in myth). Let's delve into the details to clear up this common misconception.
What is a Cellar Spider?
Cellar spiders (family Pholcidae) are small, eight-legged arachnids characterized by their long, thin legs and generally light brown or gray bodies. They are often found in dark, damp places like cellars, basements, and garages—hence their name. Their webs are typically messy and three-dimensional, unlike the neat, spiral webs of many other spiders. Cellar spiders are active hunters, relying on their speed and agility to capture prey.
Are Cellar Spiders Dangerous?
While often feared, cellar spiders are generally considered harmless to humans. Their venom is not potent enough to cause significant harm. Their fangs are also too small to effectively penetrate human skin, so a bite, even if it were to occur, would likely be insignificant. In short, they are more likely to inspire a shiver than cause any actual danger.
What are Daddy Long Legs?
The term "daddy long legs" is ambiguous and refers to two entirely different creatures:
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Harvestmen (Order Opiliones): These are arachnids, but they are not spiders. Harvestmen have a single body section (unlike spiders with two), two eyes, and very long legs. They do not produce silk or venom. They are often found in leaf litter and are scavengers, feeding on dead insects and decaying plant matter.
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Cellar Spiders (as discussed above): Confusingly, some people also refer to cellar spiders as "daddy long legs," particularly in North America. This is where much of the confusion arises.
Are Harvestmen Dangerous?
Harvestmen are completely harmless to humans. They lack venom glands and cannot bite. Their long legs are their primary defense mechanism; if grabbed, they may detach a leg to escape (a process called autotomy).
Cellar Spiders vs. Harvestmen: A Comparison Table
| Feature | Cellar Spider (Pholcidae) | Harvestman (Opiliones) |
|---|---|---|
| Body | Two body sections | One body section |
| Legs | Long and thin | Very long, often longer proportionally |
| Webs | Irregular, three-dimensional | None |
| Venom | Present, but weak and unlikely to affect humans | Absent |
| Diet | Predatory (active hunter) | Scavenger |
| Habitat | Dark, damp places | Leaf litter, under rocks |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Are daddy long legs the most poisonous spiders in the world?
This is a persistent myth with absolutely no scientific basis. Neither cellar spiders nor harvestmen possess venom potent enough to pose a threat to humans. It's crucial to separate fact from fiction when it comes to arachnid toxicity.
What's the difference between a spider and a daddy long legs?
The key difference lies in their body structure. Spiders have two distinct body sections (cephalothorax and abdomen), while harvestmen (the arachnids often called "daddy long legs") possess only one. Spiders also produce silk and have venom glands, while harvestmen do not.
How do I get rid of cellar spiders?
While generally harmless, cellar spiders can become a nuisance in large numbers. The most effective way to control their population is to eliminate their preferred habitats – clean up clutter, reduce moisture, and seal cracks and crevices. Regular cleaning and vacuuming can also help.
Do daddy long legs bite?
Harvestmen (the arachnids commonly called "daddy long legs") cannot bite. They lack the mouthparts necessary to bite humans or any other creature. Cellar spiders can bite, but their venom is harmless to humans.
By understanding the distinct characteristics of cellar spiders and harvestmen, and separating fact from fiction, we can appreciate these fascinating creatures without the fear and misconception surrounding their names.
